ABSTRACT
Objective::To study the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-hepatoma activity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. forrestii and P. vietnamensis, and to elucidate its effective substance. Method::HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of three extracts from the plant. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (A)-water (B) for gradient elution (0-10 min, 20%A; 10-20 min, 20%-25%A; 20-30 min, 25%-30%A; 30-40 min, 30%-35%A; 40-50 min, 35%-40%A; 50-60 min, 40%A; 60-75 min, 40%-45%A; 75-80 min, 45%-60%A), and the flow rate was 0.9 mL·min-1. The UV detection wavelength was 203 nm. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) array was used to detect the inhibitory effects of three extracts on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Cluster analysis and grey relational analysis were used to analyze the data of spectrum and efficacy, and to find out the components that contributed a lot to the anti-liver cancer effect. Result::A total of 11 common peaks were identified as common peaks among HPLC fingerprints of three kinds of Paris. After treated 72 h, P. forrestii has the highest inhibitory effect on the HepG2 cells, the IC50 of P. forrestii, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. vietnamensis were 148.33, 178.87, 208.09 mg·L-1, respectively. According to the grey relational analysis, the common peaks 1-10 from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis had great correlation to anti-tumor effect, and the common peaks 1-7 for P. forrestii, the common peaks 1-4, 6-10, N1 for P. vietnamensis, all the correlation degrees with IC50 were >0.7.Cluster analysis of variables in each Paris showed that peaks with correlation degree >0.7 could cluster with IC50. Conclusion::The established HPLC fingerprint method is reliable with good reproducibility. The peaks 1-4, 6 and 7 from three kinds of Paris have the greatest contribution to the anti-hepatoma effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the content of seven active compounds in 10 kinds of medicinal herbs of Paridis Rhizoma, and to carry out chemical composition integration evaluation, which provides a scientific basis for its resource utilization. Methods: A total of 55 batches of medicinal herbs were collected from different areas, and their saponins I, saponins II, saponins VI, saponins VII, diosgenin, saponins H, and saponins were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Then, TOPSIS model was used to normalize the content results and integrate the multi-indicator data to obtain a comprehensive index of content of seven active compounds. Results: The 10 kinds of medicinal herbs of Paridis Rhizoma were ranked from long to low was Paris forrestii (Ci = 0.275 5) > Paris polyphylla (Ci = 0.273 2) > Paris daliensis (Ci = 0.269 8) > Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Ci = 0.244 5) > Paris vietnamensis (Ci = 0.234 5) > Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla (Ci = 0.159 1) > Paris thibetica (Ci = 0.141 6) > Paris polyphylla var. nana (Ci = 0.117 8) > P. vietnamensis (Ci = 0.115 1) > Paris mairei (Ci = 0.114 9), indicating that comprehensive quality of 10 kinds of medicinal herbs of Paridis Rhizoma had a large gap. The overall quality of P. forrestii, P. polyphylla and P. daliensis are better than that of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and the comprehensive evaluation results of P. vietnamensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are closer that can be used as an alternative species for resource mining. Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation of chemical quality has certain reference value for the quality evaluation of Paridis Rhizoma
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore morphology and infrared spectrum identification evidence of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its closely relative species, and further analyze their genetic relationship to provide basis for the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources of genus Paris. Methods: The morphology and infrared spectrum of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its closely relative species were studied systematically and compared with each other. The original infrared spectra data were pretreated by automatic baseline correction, automatic smoothing, ordinate normalization, and second derivative, and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Results: There were typical characteristics of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its closely relative species, such as plant size, leaves, veins, sepals, petals, flower pavilions and stamens, which could provide morphological identification evidence. There were obviously differences of the second derivative in 3 000-2 000 cm-1 and the fingerprint in 1 800-500 cm-1 in the six types of genus Paris. Both HCA and PLS-DA could better distinguish Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its closely relative species, which could provide an infrared spectral identified evidence. The Results: of HCA showed that P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. polyphylla var. chinensis, P. polyphylla, P. polyphylla var. stenophylla and P. polyphylla var. nana were relatively close. Conclusion: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with original plant morphological identification can quickly identify P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and its closely relative species, which will provide a scientific basis for the cultivation, clinical application, and resource development of genus Paris.
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Objective:To analyze and determine heavy metal content in Paridis Rhizoma from different genus and localities,in order to provide a reference for selecting cultivation areas and establishing the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma of heavy metals content. Method:Microwave digestion method combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) method were applied to determine the contents of 6 heavy metals,i.e. As,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb and Cr in 39 samples of Paridis Rhizoma of different genus and localities in Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the differences of heavy metals contents in different localities and species. Result:The contents of six heavy metals in Paridis Rhizoma met the ISO international standard of Heavy Metal Limit of Traditional Chinese Medicine-traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials. Under the limited value standard of Green Trade Standards of Importing Medicinal Plants and Preparations,the over-standard rate of heavy metal As was 15.4%,the excess rate of Cd was 5.1%,and the excess rate of Pb was 2.6%. The contents of Cu and Hg conformed to relevant requirements. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis showed that for the same variety,differences in producing places had significant effects on heavy metal content,while differences in species had little effects. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that the heavy metal content of Paris planted in and around Dali basically conformed to relevant standards. The differences of heavy metal content in Paris were mainly regional differences,which provided a theoretical basis for standardizing the cultivation of medicinal materials and formulating the limit standards of heavy metals for Paridis Rhizoma.
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Genus Polygonatum,belonging to the Liliaceae family,is mostly medicine food homology species,which have been documented as treating " dry mouth,less food,and internal heat and thirst" in medical ancient books. In traditional Chinese medicine clinic,it was used to treat diabetes,hyperlipemia and asa rehabilitation therapy of cancer. With deepening the basic research and industrial development of this genus,the bioactive component groups and their action mechanisms of prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complication continue to be revealed. By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicine and modern literature,the research on the herbology,material basis and mechanism of the genus Polygonatum were reviewed. The result indicated that the plants of Polygonatum were used for the treatment of diabetes,based on the ancient herbal literature and modern research,the polysaccharides,flavonoids and saponins were their active ingredients. Among them,the significant chemical constituents of decreasing blood glucose were Polygonatum polysaccharides,and the flavonoids and saponins also have this function. Although some scholars have studied the anti-diabetic efficacy and material basis of genus of Polygonatum,the pharmacodynamics,mechanism and metabolic pathways are not clear. Therefore,further strengthening of the related research of genus of Polygonatum,especially use of modern scientific and technological research to clarify the material basis of its efficacy,and mechanisms,are crucial to accelerate the modernization and development of anti-diabetic drugs and utilization of genus of Polygonatum.
ABSTRACT
Paris is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and has antitumor, antibacterial, sedative, analgesic and hemostatic effects. It has been used as an ingredient of 81 Chinese patent medicines, with a wide application and large market demand. Based on the data retrieved from state Intellectual Property Office patent database, a comprehensive analysis was made on Paris patents, so as to explore the current features of Paris patents in the aspects of domestic patent output, development trend, technology field distribution, time dimension, technology growth rate and patent applicant, and reveal the development trend of China's Paris industry. In addition, based on the current Paris resource application and development, a sustainable, multi-channel and multi-level industrial development approach was built. According to the results, studies of Paris in China are at the rapid development period, with a good development trend. However, because wild Paris resources tend to be exhausted, the studies for artificial cultivation technology should be strengthened to promote the industrial development.